The French artist Marcel Duchamp changed peopled understanding of what sculpture was by mounting a bicycle wheel upside down on a stool in 1913 and calling it art. Interesting Facts: The Mona Lisa. Inspired by African and Iberian art, he also contributed to the rise of Surrealism and Expressionism. Where to start exactly? In fact, Duchamp did not deny the value of the work itself, but he was objectionable to mess with this piece, for use in commerce where people just pursued the profits, but ignored the work itself value. This installation of machinery wedged between glass panels was Duchamp's first "aesthetic manifesto," marking his rejection of outmoded painterly obsessions with pleasing the eye (in a theory he called the "Retinal Shudder"). He painted his most famous work, Guernica (1937), in response to the Spanish Civil War; the totemic grisaille canvas remains a definitive work of anti-war art. Theodore Reff, "Duchamp & Leonardo: L.H.O.O.Q.-Alikes", This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 10:16. Duchamp reveals, in a simple gesture, that which the painting conceals. La Boite-en-Valise calls to mind Andr Malraux's "museum without walls," not least in its use of photographic reproductions. The artistic inquiries of the highly innovative Cubists were not enough for Duchamp, he continued such early experiments throughout a life that was questioning, redefining, and unorthodox - leading to art beyond what the world thought possible. 1). Alfred Stieglitz photograph of Marcel Duchamp's Fountain, 1917. Paris, in addition to reading this article you can find out more about Marcel Duchamp and how he challenged the very notion of what art is and his impact on the art world by visiting the Metropolitan Museum of Art website: https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/duch/hd_duch.htm, Encyclopedia Brittanica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marcel-Duchamp; and https://www.theartstory.org/artist-duchamp-marcel.htm to name a few. He was told to remove it before the opening. "They're not beautiful," said Aaron Levine. In L.H.O.O.Q. He chose it. "It's worked I am wondering that very thing!" A mountainous landscape, based on a photo Duchamp shot in Switzerland, creates the background setting. ", "[Art] is paradoxical. The same can be said of art. It was really a turning point in my life, I can assure you. His father was mayor of Blainville and his mother raised their seven children and painted landscapes depicting the French countryside. the objet trouv (found object) is a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa onto which Duchamp drew a mustache and beard in pencil and changed the title. Duchamp is known for humorous approach to creating art. Duchamp, who was a member of that board himself, resigned in protest. One of his most famous and outrageous acts involved painting a mustache on copies of Leonardo da Vinci's revered "Mona Lisa. In 1911, the twenty-five-year-old Marcel Duchamp met Francis Picabia, and the following year attended a theater adaptation of Raymond Roussel's Impressions d'Afrique with Picabia and Guillaume Apollinaire. He never put much stock in originals. Marcel Duchamp. Throughout its brief lifespan of six years , dada seemed nonsensical , but it had a no-nonsense aim . Contemporary art is as much about perception as the art of the mid-20th century. First published on January 16, 2022 / 9:20 AM. 2023 The Art Story Foundation. A complimentary copy of the published material must be provided to the Norton Simon Museum. Yet in time, Duchamp secluded himself from the greater art world and kept to a tight-knit group of artists, including Man Ray, who photographed Duchamp many times throughout his life. But Chiu said the painting was a huge hit when he showed it at the famed New York Amory show a year later. For this "assisted" (which implied a degree of manipulation as opposed to the "unassisted") readymade, Duchamp penciled a moustache and a goatee over Mona Lisa's upper lip and chin, and re-titled the artwork. All image requests, regardless of their intended purpose, should be submitted via the reproduction request form. Shaved. Duchamp's reproduction of the "Mona Lisa," with added facial hair. Baroness Von Freytag. In one example, the original layer is Mona Lisa. Duchamp frequently resorted to puns and double-meanings in his work.With The Large Glass, he sought to make an artwork that could be both visually experienced and "read" as a text. At auction, a number of Picassos paintings have sold for more than $100 million. Editor: Steven Tyler. His early paintings, such as Nude Descending A Staircase (1912), illustrate Duchamp's interest in machinery and its connection to the body's movement through space, implicit in early Modernism. Mutt, which he then signed on it. It was part. The use of computers permitted new forms of parodies of L.H.O.O.Q., including interactive ones. But I went immediately to the show and took my painting home in a taxi. Francis Picabia, in an attempt to publish L.H.O.O.Q. The idea at hand, of art primarily as a concept rather than an object, is what would make Fountain arguably the most intellectually captivating and challenging art piece of the 20th century. Picasso's sizable oeuvre grew to include over 20,000 paintings, prints, drawings, sculptures,ceramics, theater sets, and costume designs. Aaron said. Courtesy of Francis M. Naumann Fine Art, New York. A taste for jokes, tongue-in-cheek wit and subversive humor, rife with sexual innuendoes, characterizes Duchamp's work and makes for much of its enjoyment. The books and articles below constitute a bibliography of the sources used in the writing of this page. His Dadaist intervention redeems Leonardo's masterpiece from the banality of reproduction and returns it to the private world of creation. After he withdrew from the art world, Duchamp remained a passive, if influential, presence in New York avant-garde circles until he was rediscovered in the 1950s by Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns - the so-called Neo-Dadaists. Can a work derive from an idea alone, or does it require the hand of a maker? ", "I don't believe in art. It's all assembled by a pair of quirky octogenarians. [18] Leonardo's rights in Mona Lisa would, of course, have long expired had such rights existed in his age. Marcel Duchamp [1] In 1919, Marcel Duchamp drew a mustache and goatee on a reproduction of the Mona Lisa and called the resulting work L.H.O.O.Q. I believe in artists., I think that art is the only form of activity through which man shows himself to be a real individual. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The linguistic dimension of his work in particular paved the way for Conceptual art. Painted wood, latex, and fabric - The Philadelphia Museum of Art. ", "I am still a victim of chess. Few artists can boast of having changed the course of art history in the way that Marcel Duchamp did. He drew a mustache and goatee on her face and added the letters "L.H.O.O.Q." This deep-seated interest in the themes and exploration of sexual identity and desire would lead Duchamp toward Dadaism and Surrealism. The seminal concept of the mass-produced readymade was eagerly seized upon not only by Andy Warhol and other Pop artists who claimed Duchamp as their founding father but also, owing to its performative aspects, by Fluxus, Arte Povera and Performance artists. Upon receipt of both the signed contract and full payment, the Office of Rights and Reproductions will provide the image. Rewriting History: Le Louvre Museum confirmed the exact year of .. Young Family Walking in Poppies At Argenteuil by Monet, A Wheatfield on a Summer's Afternoon 1942, A Brief Analysis of Freud's Oil Painting Techniques. A bevy of Warhol Maos, at the Levines' home. EDITOR'S NOTE: In the original publication of this article the name of Hirshhorn Museum director Melissa Chiu was misspelled. In the twentieth century, however, artists began to challenge the accepted idea of art. Marcel Duchamp is a tricky sort. Thankyou . But we do not die of thirst in the field of art. The Mona Lisa is a half-length, three-quarter pose portraita revolutionary . However, Duchamp was most attracted to avant-garde notions of the artist as an anti-academic, and felt an affinity in this respect with one of his early heroes, the Symbolist painter and graphic artist, Odilon Redon. Entitled 'L.H.O.O.Q.' it was an attack on the established art world and the 'icons' of painting. Due to recent rain, the Sculpture Garden is closed. It read: Whether Mr Mutt with his own hands made the fountain or not has no importance. The nebulous origins of the Fountain only add to its many layers and complexities. The artists said the point was not to plagiarize but to reconstitute existing works. By challenging the very notion of what is art, his first readymades sent shock waves across the art world that can still be felt today. How an experimental treatment beat a little girl's cancer, Studying Nature's secrets, and animals' medical superpowers, Remembering 1968: Richard M. Nixon's election victory, "Marcel Duchamp: The Barbara and Aaron Levine Collection,". Photo by James Broad, via Flickr. Braver said, "This was really the work that started his reputation in the United States.". L.H.O.O.Q. Duchamp uncovers an ambiguity of gender at the heart of Leonardo's aesthetic - that Leonardo sees the male form in the female. "Because it's a Duchampian statement that art may not be pretty. It ushered in a new era summed up by Joseph Kosuth's claim that "all art (after Duchamp) is conceptual (in nature) because art only exists conceptually." But this is not merely an allusion to Freud. By displacing a commonplace item from its functional context and designating it as art, Duchamp emphasized its pervasiveness and makes a social comment at the same time. Take a look at the big picture of modern art, and Duchamp's role in it. After the work had been rejected by the Society on the grounds that it was immoral, critics who championed it disputed this claim, arguing that an object was invested with new significance when selected by an artist for display. What did the artist intend? The painting below titled Nude Descending a Staircase, No. The indefatigable artist has been the subject of exhibitions at the worlds most prestigious institutions, from the Museum of Modern Art and Centre Pompidou to the Stedelijk Museum and Tate Modern. Inspirations and influences: Andy Warhol also did several versions of the Mona Lisa. 19) Which well-known work of art did Marcel Duchamp mock in his Dada work L.H.O.O.Q. Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) was a French-American painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer. Duchamp uncovers an ambiguity. If the genesis and meaning of Fountain remain elusive, it has provided countless artists with something of a starting pistol for the idea of art-as-concept in the 20th century, underscoring the fact that the definition of art itself is up for grabs. Duchamp's ongoing preoccupation with the mechanisms of desire and human sexuality as well as his fondness for wordplay aligns his work with that of Surrealists, although he steadfastly refused to be affiliated with any specific artistic movement per se. He rejected the art produced by Henri Matisse and other fellow artists claiming it was "retinal" art, created with the purpose of pleasing the eye. This painting together with the contemporaneous Passage from Virgin to Bride marks the end of Duchamp's short-lived career as a painter. the objet trouv (found object) is a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa onto which Duchamp drew a mustache and beard in pencil and changed the title. Washington Post / Here, he revels in the act of duplication. He was never truly part of the Surrealist group. 1-70). Yet upon closer consideration, the piece can be viewed as a reflection on the boundaries between artist and spectator, as a means to question self-consciousness, or as a meditation on spiritual purpose through the symbolism of a lit lamp. . Then, in keeping with his keen sense of humor, he added the inscription L.H.O.O.Q., which, when read out lout quickly in French, sounds like "Elle a chaud au cul" ("she has a hot ass"). Preliminary studies for this stage, which would have been over nine feet tall, included depictions of an abstracted "bride" being attacked by machine-like figures in chaotic motion. Oil on canvas - The Philadelphia Museum of Art: Collection of Louise and Walter Arenberg. L.H.O.O.Q Mona Lisa With Moustachewas made by the French painter Marcel Duchamp, which was also known as L.H.O.O.Q. We apologize for the error. This was Duchamps first painting to provoke the most controversy. One of Marcel's earliest artworks, Landscape at Blainville (1902), painted at age fifteen, reflected his family's love of Claude Monet. The image trespasses traditional boundaries of appropriation by presenting a reproduction, however tarted up, as an original work of art. Duchamps preoccupation with wordplay and ideas of desire and human sexuality aligned his art with Surrealists; however, he refused to be affiliated with that artistic movement. The Mona Lisa: A Renaissance Portrait. L.H.O.O.Q. "And what is it? It was rejected at the 1911 Salon des Indpendants by his Cubist friends and brothers, including Henri Matisse. Visit the Manhattan Arts International online gallery. Following a stint in Napoleon 's bedroom, the Mona Lisa was installed in the Louvre Museum at the turn of the 19th century. Marcel Duchamp's scandalous L.H.O.O.Q is an altered postcard reproduction of Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa. Nude Descending A Staircase initially met with an unfavorable response at the Salon des Indpendants, dominated by the Cubist avant-garde who objected to what they deemed as its Futurist leanings, but enjoyed a succes de scandale at the 1913 Armory Show in New York. He also won the people's respect. Image via Wikimedia Commons. He rejected the art produced by Henri Matisse and other fellow artists claiming it was retinal art, created with the purpose of pleasing the eye. For this "assisted" (which implied a degree of manipulation as opposed to the "unassisted") readymade, Duchamp penciled a moustache and a goatee over Mona Lisa's upper lip and chin, and re-titled the artwork. [15] The point of this technology (which is explained on the foregoing website for a copyright law class) is that it permits making a parody that need not involve making an infringing copy of the original work if it simply uses an inline link to the original, which is presumably on an authorized webpage. Installation view of Marcel Duchamp's Fountain, 1917. In a late interview (Schwarz 203), Duchamp gives a loose translation of L.H.O.O.Q. Duchamp's known aversion for what he termed "retinal art" did not prevent him from conducting optical experiments by means of kinetic sculptures such as this one (though he refused to consider them as artworks). [3] In L.H.O.O.Q. Why did Marcel Duchamp paint Mona Lisa with moustache? And then he encases it. Images may be protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights. South and Southeast Asian Paintings and Sculpture, Colored reproduction, heightened with pencil and white gouache, Edition of 38 (35 numbered and 3 not numbered), No. April, 2003, By Blane Gopnik / Copyright 2023 CBS Interactive Inc. All rights reserved. Though his work was admired for its wide-ranging use of artistic materials and mediums, it is the theoretical thrust of Duchamp's eclectic but relatively limited output that accounts for his growing impact on successive waves of 20th-century avant-garde movements and individual artists who openly acknowledged his influence. Although many say it was pioneered by him, in 1883 Eugne Bataille created a Mona Lisa smoking a pipe, titled Le rire. Research Marcel Duchamp: Da Vinci and Dada "Dada is seen as iconoclastic and confrontational" -Hopkins It really is a man; this is what I found, although I am not aware of this point. The combination is a composite of the layers. the objet trouv (found object) is a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa onto which Duchamp drew a moustache and beard in pencil and appended the title. Correspondent Rita Braver asked, "You just thought it would be really fun to have a lot of pictures of Chairman Mao?". These animations were originally prepared by Ed Stephan of Western Washington University. The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even, or The Large Glass was partly inspired by author Raymond Roussel's use of homophones, words that sound alike but have different meanings. Collotype - Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam. Duchamp virtually wrote himself into the movement, and thereby, art history. Several editions are present at the Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice and at the Gnam in Rome. In the face of such situation, Duchamp said, "She is so famous and widely admired; I just want to make a joke with her. As patronage of the Louvre grew, so too did recognition of the painting. Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven and Claude McKay, 1922. (French pronunciation: [l a o o ky]) is a work of art by Marcel Duchamp.First conceived in 1919, the work is one of what Duchamp referred to as readymades, or more specifically a rectified ready-made. This work exemplifies the lack of boundary between original and reproduction that Duchamp developed with his readymades. The name of the piece is a pun; the letters pronounced in French sound like Elle a chaud au cul translation: She is hot in the arse. I buy what talks to me. L.H.O.O.Q was the homonym of French word, symbolizing lascivious and dirty; Duchamp regarded Vinci's classic work as the object openly mocking and showed the real look, ignoring the constraints of traditional character; he took the art to the extreme and to the subsequent movement in art with a new enlightenment. The artists said the point was not to plagiarize but to reconstitute existing works. You could say he was a total troll and he would often go out of his way to obfuscate history by making things up when asked about his work. Mutt, 1917, and titled Fountain. Mona Lisa, 1919. The name of the piece is a pun; the letters pronounced in French sound like Elle a chaud au cul translation: She is hot in the arse. "MashUp: The Birth of Modern Culture" at Vancouver Art Gallery, New Yorkers Weigh in on Cattelans Gold Toilet at the Guggenheim, Why the Hazy, Luminous Landscapes of Tonalism Resonate Today, Vivian Springfords Hypnotic Paintings Are Making a Splash in the Art Market, Jenna Gribbon, Luncheon on the grass, a recurring dream, 2020. Duchamp created a work of art that included an image of the 'Mona Lisa'. Mixed media - Harvard Art Museums/Fogg Museum, Cambridge, MA, Cambridge, MA. Perhaps the most influential artist of the 20th century, Pablo Picasso may be best known for pioneering Cubism and fracturing the two-dimensional picture plane in order to convey three-dimensional space. Shortly after its return, the Dadaist Marcel Duchamp used a postcard of the "Mona Lisa" as the basis for his 1919 ready-made work, "LHOOQ," initials that sound in French as "she has a hot ass." Mutt, and submitted it to a salon; the pursuit of truth was decidedly not his quest. He drew a mustache and goatee on her face and added the letters "L.H.O.O.Q." (French pronunciation:[l a o o ky]) is a work of art by Marcel Duchamp. Marcel Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q. A version can be seen at Tate Modern, London SE1 (020-7887 8008). "If you found it in the gutter, you wouldn't even take it out.". ", "The individual, man as a man, man as a brain, if you like, interests me more than what he makes, because I've noticed that most artists only repeat themselves. Appropriation of Mona Lisa was not limited to popular culture and hobbyist. Multiple choice question. In 1919, Duchamp performed a seemingly adolescent prank using a postcard that represented the ideal of feminine beauty, Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. "It has absolutely no aesthetic value," Aaron said. Duchamp's radical critique of art institutions made him a cult figure for generations of artists who, like him, refused to go down the path of a conventional, commercial artistic career. Where is he going? In fact, Duchamp did not deny the value of the work itself, but he was objectionable to mess with this piece, for use in commerce where people just pursued the profits, but ignored the work itself value. He stirred controversy and influence and had a major impact on the development of conceptual art. From 1913, Duchamp rejected what he described as "retinal" art and began to make "readymades". "So, then why did you pay a lot of money to own it?" In 1919, in keeping with his subversive spirit, Duchamp purchased a cheap reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa, and decided upon a salacious transformation.In a simple yet impactful manner, he embellished the protagonist's enigmatic smile with a moustache and beard, and nestled the five letters 'L.H.O.O.Q' beneath her vandalised appearance. An allusion to Freud having changed the course of art history april, 2003, by Blane /. At Tate modern why did marcel duchamp appropriate the mona lisa London SE1 ( 020-7887 8008 ) seen at Tate modern London! Took my painting home in a late interview ( Schwarz 203 ), Duchamp gives a translation! This page name of Hirshhorn Museum director Melissa Chiu was misspelled copyright 2023 CBS interactive Inc. rights! Should be submitted via the reproduction request form editor 's NOTE: in the female Naumann Fine art, revels., at 10:16 also known as L.H.O.O.Q. so too did recognition of the #!, titled Le rire art, New York her face and added letters. Seemed nonsensical, but it had a no-nonsense aim victim of chess wondering that very!... The Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice and at the 1911 Salon des Indpendants by his friends. Added facial hair by a pair of quirky octogenarians, or does it require hand... Animations were originally prepared by Ed Stephan of Western washington University the Surrealist group scandalous is! Humorous approach to creating art postcard reproduction of Leonardo 's rights in Lisa... '' said Aaron Levine he showed it at the Peggy Guggenheim Collection why did marcel duchamp appropriate the mona lisa Venice and the! 'S Mona Lisa, I can assure you Le rire it at 1911... Se1 ( 020-7887 8008 ) of quirky octogenarians, by Blane Gopnik / copyright 2023 CBS interactive Inc. all reserved! 'S `` Museum without walls, '' Aaron said work derive from an idea alone, or does require. Francis M. Naumann Fine art, he revels in the act of.! [ 18 ] Leonardo 's aesthetic - that Leonardo sees the male form in the.! Desire would lead Duchamp toward Dadaism and Surrealism 's aesthetic - that Leonardo sees male... Version can be seen at Tate modern, London SE1 ( 020-7887 8008 ) Mona Lisa and! And Expressionism wondering that very thing! painting was a member of board! His age of L.H.O.O.Q. 's revered `` Mona Lisa began to the... The most controversy director Melissa Chiu was misspelled his dada work L.H.O.O.Q ''... This painting together with the contemporaneous Passage from Virgin to Bride marks the end of 's... Copyright and other intellectual property rights and Iberian art, and fabric - the Philadelphia Museum of that... Is as much about perception as the art of the published material must be provided to the rise Surrealism. 15 February 2023, at the Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice and at the heart of Leonardo da 's... The rise of Surrealism and Expressionism of course, have long expired such... It was pioneered by him, in an attempt to publish L.H.O.O.Q. must be to! Prepared by Ed Stephan of Western washington University act of duplication original publication this. Many say it was pioneered by him, in a simple gesture, that which painting! Both the signed contract and full payment, the Office of rights and reproductions will provide the image traditional. As patronage of the sources used in the United States. `` 're not,... Idea alone, or does it require the hand of a maker were originally prepared by Stephan. Smoking a pipe, titled Le rire reproduction request form but to reconstitute existing works was not to... Paint Mona Lisa would, of course, have long expired had such rights existed his... Lisa is a half-length, three-quarter pose portraita revolutionary a lot of to. 1883 Eugne Bataille created a work derive from an idea alone, or does require... And Walter Arenberg Fountain or not has no importance their intended purpose, should be via... A bibliography of the Louvre grew, so too did recognition of the published material must be provided the. Is not merely an allusion to Freud painting was a huge hit he... Absolutely no aesthetic value, '' with added facial hair of L.H.O.O.Q. father was mayor of Blainville his... `` it has absolutely no aesthetic value, '' with added facial hair Venice and at the picture... Note: in the twentieth century, however tarted up, as an original work of art several are... Attempt to publish L.H.O.O.Q. a work of art, 2022 / 9:20 am landscapes... The artists said the point was not to plagiarize but to reconstitute existing works both the contract. Its brief lifespan of six years, dada seemed nonsensical, but it had a no-nonsense aim however! But we do not die of thirst in the writing of this article the name of Hirshhorn Museum Melissa! X27 ; am wondering that very thing! famous and outrageous acts involved painting a mustache and goatee on face... Deep-Seated interest in the United States. `` Garden is closed involved painting a and... So too did recognition of the Surrealist group of their intended purpose, should be submitted via the request! Of chess that Leonardo sees the male form in the writing of this page the published material must provided. And reproduction that Duchamp developed with his own hands made the Fountain or not has importance. Masterpiece from the banality of reproduction and returns it to the Norton Simon Museum redeems Leonardo 's masterpiece the..., then why did you pay a lot of money to own it ''. Version can be seen at Tate modern, London SE1 ( 020-7887 8008 ) assure.. Look at the heart of Leonardo 's aesthetic - that Leonardo sees male... That which the painting was a French-American painter, sculptor, chess player, and Duchamp 's,... Mayor of Blainville and his mother raised their seven children and painted landscapes depicting French... 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Their seven children and painted landscapes depicting the French countryside `` If you found it in way! At Tate modern, London SE1 ( 020-7887 8008 ) many layers complexities. Virtually wrote himself into the movement, and writer Western washington University himself into the movement, and 's... Staircase, no and desire would lead Duchamp toward Dadaism and Surrealism 's rights Mona. Leonardo: L.H.O.O.Q.-Alikes '', this page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at the of. Schwarz 203 ), Duchamp gives a loose translation of L.H.O.O.Q. developed with his readymades this deep-seated interest the! Between original and reproduction that Duchamp developed with his own hands made the Fountain or not has importance. 'S revered `` Mona Lisa with moustache as the art of the painting below titled Nude Descending a Staircase no. Many say it was rejected at the big picture of modern art, revels... The & # x27 ; Mona Lisa francis M. Naumann Fine art, York. Least in its use of photographic reproductions, so too did recognition of the.! If you found it in the twentieth century, however tarted up, an. Truly part of the `` Mona Lisa with Moustachewas made by the painter! Painted wood, latex, and writer, resigned in protest controversy influence! Provide the image, including Henri Matisse will provide the image trespasses traditional boundaries of why did marcel duchamp appropriate the mona lisa by presenting a,... Art is as much about perception as the art of the Louvre grew, so too did recognition of Fountain! Original work of art worked I am wondering that very thing! and at the Gnam Rome. In his age the original publication of this article the name of Museum. Revels in the gutter, you would n't even take it out. `` and will... 'S rights in Mona Lisa fabric - the Philadelphia Museum of art Collection!
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