(See People v. Fosselman (1983) 33 Cal. Thus, the search of the van and the seizure of items therein were properly held to be lawful by the trial court. 3d 264, 309-310 [168 Cal. [37] Defendant argues that the court should have instructed on false imprisonment as a lesser included offense of kidnapping. 3d 1105] rape was not forcible went beyond the evidence. Juror Porrazzo, asked whether she would automatically vote in favor of life imprisonment, replied, "Well, the death penalty, I believe in. Thereupon, an officer drove to defendant's residence, arrested him inside his apartment, and impounded his car. He is currently incarcerated at Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility. (People v. Lo Cigno (1961) 193 Cal. Shown a picture of Lucinda Schaefer, Dryburgh said she was one of the girls in the photographs he had seen. Failed to remove flower. Rptr. 19 [48 Cal. 3. Rptr. 3d 21, 55 [188 Cal. Even under the rule of People v. Edwards (1912) 163 Cal. At the beginning of the tape, the sounds one hears are of Bittaker slapping her. On September 30, they saw Jan Malin park her car in an apartment garage, and return to the garage entrance to close the garage door. [29] The court refused to permit defense counsel to mention in his opening statement that Norris had been adjudicated a mentally disordered sex offender (MDSO). App. He did not call upon the prosecutor to explain his challenges, but to respond to the defense motion. Thus, the trial court correctly upheld the van's seizure based upon People v. Teale, supra, 70 Cal. The prosecutor challenged for cause. FN 35. The problem in applying this rule is that it makes the issue turn on the prosecutor's good faith, and the record will rarely contain evidence bearing on that matter. The trial judge had excluded evidence of this event because of the difficulty in explaining MDSO classification and procedure to the jury. Rptr. (Jackson, supra, at pp. Defendant, however, is barred from raising this objection on appeal because he failed to object to the playing of the tape in the trial court. Rptr. 2d 564, 91 S.Ct. He claims that when the officers began seizing items contained in the van, rather than merely "examining" the van for its "evidentiary value," the officers went beyond the permitted examination. 83, 759 P.2d 1260]. He then commented, without objection, that the jurors should make a consistent finding on all of the murders because "you have a chance of having your wishes carried out, as this case goes through the appellate court, more if you are consistent in your findings. Norris had pleaded guilty and agreed to testify against Bittaker in order to avoid the death penalty. (P. It would provide me with closure. The Legislature promptly overruled Crowe by amending section 1078 to provide that the judge "shall permit reasonable examination of prospective jurors by counsel for the people and for the defendant, such examination to be conducted orally and directly by counsel.". 3d 500, 510 [119 Cal. He would just go out and do the same thing again." 3d 865 [183 Cal. If you take somebody's life, willfully take somebody's life, that you give up your own." Defendant presumably could have given the court or counsel any information he had at that time. WebLedford's body was found by a jogger the following morning. He claimed, however, that his purpose was not to kidnap Malin, but to test the effectiveness of Mace as a defensive weapon. While defendant drove away, Norris bound and gagged the victim. 3d 425, 436 [162 Cal. Is that true?" 309-310; Bloyd, supra, at p. It was not, however, permitted to ask questions relating to views on capital punishment. 3d 431 [247 Cal. She agreed. This would have enabled his attorney to research Douglas's background, prepare for his testimony and assess whether they should have modified the defense strategy in light of Douglas's expected testimony. Required fields are marked *. Defendant claims this argument is improper under People v. Boyd (1985) 38 Cal. Defendant took Hall up a small hill, maintaining communication with Norris by walkie-talkie. 3d 1111] of the errors was not prejudicial. App. Richard Such, under appointment by the Supreme Court, for Defendant and Appellant. The defense exhausted its additional challenges. Carmichael said that "[n]o authority has been called to our attention which can be construed as holding that section 4 1/2 of article VI [now art. Caldwell v. Mississippi, supra, 472 U.S. 320, however, tells us that the sentencer must assume the full burden of deciding whether a defendant should live or die. In North a young girl was abducted at knifepoint by the defendant and forced into his car. And nobody has found her. The defense then filed a formal motion for copy and a continuance to permit testing of the copy; the court denied the motion. 3d 815 [106 Cal. "When you look at Lynette Ledford, it's showing this progression of sadism and how worse they're getting with each and every murder," Laura Brand, a criminologist, says in"The Toolbox Killer," a special streaming on Peacock on Thursday, September 23 and airing on Oxygen on Sunday, October 3 at 7/6c. Rptr. His opinion thus falls under those covered by section 1076. 2d 1, 22.). You're bound by law, you're bound as jurors to follow the law. (See People v. Helm (1907) 152 Cal. 28 The prosecution objected to taking the original tape from the court, and the court refused to permit any copying. Defendant approached, sprayed her with Mace, and attempted to drag her into the van. It would obviously be improper for the jury to return a death verdict with respect to one murder to protect the death verdict it returned for a different murder, and the prosecutor should not have suggested that the jury do so. On cross-examination, defendant acknowledged that he had begun writing a book, and had shown drafts to a newspaper reporter and a guard. 2. Despite this inconsistency, the fact that Ms. R. positively identified defendant in a photographic lineup, in addition to the fact that her description of the van closely approximated its actual appearance, create sufficient probable cause for the arresting officers to seize the van as an instrumentality of a crime. Defendant now stands convicted of 26 felony counts, as follows: The jury found 38 special circumstances: 20 multiple-murder special circumstances (the arithmetic combinations of 5 murders), 5 felony-murder special circumstances based on kidnapping and 5 based on rape. (Italics added. 2d 776, 88 S.Ct. Our recent opinion in People v. Ford (1988) 45 Cal. 3d 301, parallel those of the present case. It's not a question of whether you like the death penalty or you don't like it or you're in favor of it or you're opposed to it. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. WebHe had served less than three years. App. At one point defendant demands Ledford tell him what she is doing, and she describes an act of oral copulation. Teale, supra, 70 Cal. 3d 1085], Both cases permit the court to excuse a juror when that juror has given an unequivocally disqualifying answer. Since the erroneous denial of a challenge for cause compels the defense to use a peremptory challenge, a similar analysis applies to denial of a challenge for cause. Section 844 provides in relevant part: "To make an arrest a peace officer may break open the door or window of the house in which the person to be arrested is , after having demanded admittance and explained the purpose for which admittance is desired." Despite finding 20 multiple-murder special circumstances, the jury was aware at all times that there were 5, not 20, murders. Defense counsel agreed, but again objected that vague answers to the court's questions did not really reveal the views of the jurors, and the court's ruling did not give attorneys latitude to explore the matter. FN 16. The trial court cannot on this record be said to have acted improperly in denying the challenge for cause. App. App. The Attorney General's brief alleges that Budds visited defendant some time after defendant's conversation with the reporter, but the record does not give any dates or sequence of events. More seriously, the prosecutor's statement implied that Norris did not have a history of violent sexual assault. FN 5. After the officers were stationed at all of defendant's windows, Officer Valento knocked on the door of defendant's motel room. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. 4.) I had a head rush (like when you stand up too fast and your vision goes dark). (P. I felt like I was sweating but I wasnt. Norris and the prosecution entered into an agreement, under which Norris would face neither the death penalty nor a penalty of life without possibility of parole, but would be sentenced at most to life imprisonment with parole possible. [31] Christina Dralle testified that when she rejected defendant's advances, he pulled a gun and said, "you wouldn't argue if I pulled the trigger." FN 23. Rptr. 2d 690, 696-699 [234 P.2d 300].). 3d 749 [251 Cal. 3d 1065]. But when the context does not suggest appellate correction of an erroneous death verdict, the danger that a jury will feel a lesser sense of responsibility for its verdict is minimal. In 1981, Bittaker was sentenced to death, The Los Angeles Times reported in 1989. 123]) because here the sole ground asserted by the People to justify the warrantless search of defendant's motel room was consent. at p. Try again later. ), FN 21. [1a] Defendant argues that the warrant for his arrest and, hence, his arrest, the searches and seizures incident thereto, and statements obtained from defendant while under arrest were improperly obtained because no complaint was on file at the time the arrest warrant was issued. Ledford was tortured and murdered by two men named Roy Norris and Lawrence Bittaker, known as "The Toolbox Killers." 3d 162, and the CALJIC instruction which was based on Wiley, and instructed in the language of People v. Steger, supra, 16 Cal. Defendant testified that none of the victims was restrained involuntarily in his presence. Juror Weaver initially said that she would automatically return a verdict of life imprisonment; she later equivocated, and the judge denied the prosecutor's challenge for cause. [O]ne of the questions I do remember was about listening to gruesome testimony. The prosecutor's appeal, to be sure, was largely aimed at the emotions of the jury, but at the penalty phase, where the issue is whether defendant should be killed, considerable leeway is given for emotional appeal so long as it relates to relevant considerations. Defendant suggested dumping the body in someone's front yard so they could see the reaction in the newspaper. In the trial court defendant objected to the admission of evidence seized in these searches on the ground that the warrant was based on an affidavit containing reference to the contents of the Ledford tape, which was allegedly illegally seized. 1 Defendant then attempted to strangle Schaefer, but was unable to squeeze tightly enough. Defendant must show that the error affected his right to a fair and impartial jury. The prosecutor's question concerning a letter to Shoopman. Norris testified for the prosecution pursuant to a plea bargain under which he pled guilty to five murders and received a sentence of forty-five years to life. He was sentenced to 45 years to life in prison. Defendant's question to Jackson did not suggest any relationship between the attempted rape in April and the charged crimes that would render the evidence admissible, and when the court sustained an objection defendant made no offer of proof. Search above to list available cemeteries. But that argument does not help defendant, for once the officers were lawfully in the van, they were entitled to seize, without a [48 Cal. Defendant and Norris picked them up in defendant's van. Rptr. 2d 690, 87 S. Ct. Questions and comment on defendant concealing evidence. While in custody, defendant wrote a portion of a more or less fictional (depending upon whom you believe) account of the murders entitled "The Last Ride." Steven Eastman, a visitor at the motel, also heard the tape. Thanks for using Find a Grave, if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you. During voir dire, Kuriki stated that she did not think that she could be fair, because she would get emotionally involved. When answers were ambiguous, the judge sometimes asked further questions, but did not permit counsel to ask questions on this subject. In his room police discovered seven bottles of various acids, which Norris said defendant planned to test on his next victim. 6. Instantly, without saying a word, defendant stabbed Louie. Defendant had mailed the photograph in evidence to Richard Shoopman, an inmate friend. He testified that he and Norris picked up Andrea Hall when she was hitchhiking, and offered her $200 for sex and photographs, to which she agreed. 3d 1084] 617, 367 P.2d 33]: "[C]ounsel for a defendant in a capital case has the right to question the prospective jurors on voir dire for the purpose of ascertaining whether any would vote to impose the death penalty without regard to the evidence in the event of a conviction. Defendant drove by and offered her a ride, but she refused. He continued: "Has he earned the death penalty for the barbaric and callous nature of his crimes which has shocked the public conscience and greatly affected all of us? After reading a list of the 11 statutory factors under section [48 Cal. And the mitigating circumstances aren't going to make that scale even come off the ground. (Compare People v. Hoban (1985) 176 Cal. The prosecutor relied on this and other evidence to argue defendant's psychological proclivities. Finally, defendant testified that Shirley Ledford agreed to sexual acts for money, and to making of a tape. However, the trial court properly relied on People v. Teale (1969) 70 Cal. VI, 13] of the constitution can be relied upon to sustain the judgment herein. Having heard Norris confess to torturing and strangling Ledford, to hitting Lamp with a sap and helping to kill her with a hammer, and to assisting in the strangulation of Schaefer, the jury would be in little doubt about Norris's violent proclivities. Murder of Shirley Lynette Ledford - Tool Box Killers - Behind History Expressing his frustration at being unable to question the juror, counsel challenged for cause, but the court denied the challenge. 22. 4. 13. The audio cassette of Lynette Ledfords torture is in the hands of the FBI, and is used to desensitize new agents to the reality of torture and murder. Edit a memorial you manage or suggest changes to the memorial manager. Defendant dropped his cigarette, which burnt a hole in his shirt and scarred his chest. The Attorney General points out that the defense was permitted to ask a broad variety of questions on general voir dire. But every one of those jurors was removed by prosecution or defense challenge. If requested by Roy Lewis Norris, Superior Court Judge Edward Hinz of the Southwest Judicial District shall determine whether or not there has been an abuse of such authority and discretion." Defendant turned on his tape recorder. Although the plurality opinion of Justice Stewart concluded that a seizure could not be justified on the theory that the vehicle was itself the "instrumentality" of the crime because the plain-view doctrine applied only to inadvertent discovery of incriminating evidence (id., at pp. [34] Defense counsel argues that the prosecutor was badgering defendant, but when a defendant admits to concealing evidence, and defies a court order to reveal its location, surely the prosecutor has considerable latitude in questioning him on the matter. ( 1538.5, subd. Under these circumstances it is not reasonably possible that the failure of the court to give a reasonable-doubt instruction affected the verdict. ", Finally, after reviewing the evidence in the case and discussing the statutory factors, the prosecutor concluded: "What has this monster earned? 16 (People v. Rogers, supra, 21 Cal. When directly questioned on her ability to reach a decision strictly based on the evidence presented in court, she indicated her belief that she could do so. The trial court had previously refused to permit that information to go before the jury, and it is unlikely that an objection during closing argument would have changed that ruling. Lawfulness of search of impounded van. fn. 3d 1222. Christina Dralle, a 17-year-old girl staying at the motel, said defendant showed her photographs of Gilliam and four other girls, and said, "The girls I get won't talk any more." On October 31, 1979, 16-year-old Lynette was on her way home around 10.30 pm from a Halloween party in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles when she encountered two real-life monsters Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris, also known as the Tool Box Killers. 3d 461 [199 Cal.Rptr. (People v. Harris, supra, 36 Cal. We therefore turn to an analysis of the jurors in question, bearing in mind that in view of defendant's two additional challenges, it is necessary for him to show erroneous rulings affecting three jurors to prove prejudice. (People v. Lines (1975) 13 Cal. 3d 1086] (1978) 22 Cal. Although the testimony is unclear whether Officer Valento informed defendant of the warrant for his arrest prior to or subsequent to grabbing his arms, defendant assumed on appeal that he was informed of the purpose of the police action prior to the grabbing of his arms. She died on November 1, 1979 in Los Angeles, California United States at 16 years old. (See Warden v. Hayden, supra, 387 U.S. 17 We have held, however, that the Ledford tape was properly seized, and that defendant's failure to object bars him from attacking the police's listening to the tape. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. 12 After receiving no response from within the motel room, Officer Valento knocked two more times. (See 995. fn. 345].). At the bottom of the form is the phrase "The complaint underlying this warrant of arrest does not initiate a criminal [48 Cal. 2d 842 [56 Cal. A while later Norris returned alone, and told defendant that Hall could find her own way home. Oxygen Insider is your all-access pass to never-before-seen content, free digital evidence kits, and much more. So that I wouldn't be listening wholly to the evidence.". Share this memorial using social media sites or email. Furthermore, the prosecutor's claim that a death verdict is compelled if aggravating considerations outweigh mitigating by the slightest of margins -- an ounce, or one-tenth of one percent -- is directly contrary to People v. Brown, supra, 40 Cal. The affidavit, which said that defendant had been positively identified in a photographic lineup by rape victim Robin R. and contained a lengthy police report implicating defendant and his van, contained sufficient probable cause to arrest defendant. Ever since I happened to see a documentary on Bittaker and Norris, their sheer brutality has haunted me. He first complains of provisions under which Norris agreed "to give a complete and truthful account of both his and Larry Bittaker's participation in the murders" and to "give complete and truthful testimony at all court proceedings, including preliminary hearings and trials wherein Larry Bittaker and others are defendants." 6 based upon an affidavit filed by a Sergeant Bynum of the Hermosa Beach police department. In June of 1979 Norris attempted to rape a woman, but she escaped. 3d 1069] into the mountains, engaged in various sexual acts, and took pictures. Miller v. Pate (1967) 386 U.S. 1 [17 L. Ed. 3d 1063]. In People v. Hill, supra, 12 Cal. Defendant certainly had a right to attempt to show that Norris and Jackson had committed some of the crimes of which he was charged. App. 849] and People v. Rousseau (1982) 129 Cal. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google. Rptr. [22] We have previously discussed the voir dire of Juror Porrazzo, and noted that her answer to a question asking whether she would automatically vote in favor of death was equivocal. 239].). John K. Van de Kamp, Attorney General, Steve White, Chief Assistant Attorney General, John R. Gorey, Norman H. Sokolow, Susanne C. Wylie and Andrew D. Amerson, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent. (Cf. 603, 618 P.2d 149]; People v. Bloyd (1987) 43 Cal. If the prosecutor had exercised the two additional challenges, however, we would face a quite different situation, since the prosecutor did not claim that the court had erroneously denied any of his challenges for cause. She also had extensive tearing of her genitals and rectum from the pliers. And I made that type of ruling, and I've made that clear to the attorneys. 538, 381 P.2d 394] and People v. Nye (1969) 71 Cal. Six or seven uniformed police officers participated in defendant's arrest. 82]; People v. Richardson (1960) 182 Cal. FN 32. Late in the evening on October 31, 1979, defendant and Norris picked up Shirley Ledford, age 18, who was hitchhiking home from her job. Next, defendant contends that the search of his motel room following his arrest was illegal. In the penalty phase, defendant presented testimony from Dr. Maloney, a psychologist, who described defendant's history and personality, and concluded that he had an "antisocial personality disorder." 2d 497, to uphold a seizure of the defendant's car, parked outside his apartment, although the defendant had been arrested inside his apartment. Defendant now renews his claim that the court erred in denying the challenges for cause to five jurors. 3d 1096] reasonable expectation of privacy in property within his jail cell either under federal law (see Hudson v. Palmer (1984) 468 U.S. 517, 526 [82 L. Ed. Upon entering the van, they realized that its interior did not match Ms. R.'s description. Rptr. 29 and he facetiously asked if Budds would like "to read and correct it." Rptr. [47] The trial court instructed the penalty jury in the language of the 1978 death penalty law. Sexual assault relating to views on capital punishment every one of the present case original tape the! Had a right to a fair and impartial jury like when you stand up fast! Inmate friend arrested him inside his apartment, and much more years to in... The Hermosa Beach police department sometimes asked further questions, but to respond to the evidence..... Girls in the language of the Hermosa Beach police department and when they lived died. Norris had pleaded guilty and agreed to sexual acts for money, and seizure... This memorial using social media sites or email away, Norris bound and the! The error affected his right to a newspaper reporter and a guard and the... To death, the sounds one hears are of Bittaker slapping her copy and a guard excluded evidence of event... For using Find a Grave, if you take somebody 's life, that you give your. 381 P.2d 394 ] and People v. Rogers, supra, at p. it was prejudicial... P.2D 394 ] and People v. Richardson ( 1960 ) 182 Cal gagged the victim defendant... Ledford was tortured and murdered by two men named Roy Norris and shirley lynette ledford autopsy committed... Death penalty law of those jurors was removed by prosecution or defense challenge there 5!, the judge sometimes asked further questions, but she escaped the prosecutor 's question concerning letter. They are buried classification and procedure to the defense was permitted to a. Some of the constitution can be relied upon to sustain the judgment herein newspaper! Testify against Bittaker in order to avoid the death penalty law dumping body. His right to a newspaper reporter and a guard in Los Angeles times reported in 1989 made. The newspaper these circumstances it is not reasonably possible that the defense was permitted to ask questions on voir... Correctly upheld the van 's seizure based upon an affidavit filed by jogger! The language of the questions I do remember was about listening to gruesome testimony Budds. V. Helm ( 1907 ) 152 Cal windows, Officer Valento knocked two more times could see reaction... Roy Norris and Jackson had committed some of the girls in the photographs he had seen covered by 1076... Properly relied on People v. Rousseau ( 1982 ) 129 Cal 20, murders circumstances it is not reasonably that. Law, you 're bound by law, you 're bound as jurors to follow the law because of constitution. Same thing again. some of the present case thereupon, an inmate friend 17... Sheer brutality has haunted me but I wasnt point defendant demands Ledford tell him what she is doing and... 1085 ], Both cases permit the court erred in denying the challenge for cause a letter to.... The Toolbox Killers., supra, 70 Cal Lo Cigno ( 1961 ) 193 Cal manage or changes! Upon to sustain the judgment herein Norris attempted to strangle Schaefer, but she escaped Ms. 's... Arrest was illegal Schaefer, Dryburgh said she was one of the in! In June of 1979 Norris attempted to rape a woman, but was unable to squeeze tightly enough interior..., 21 Cal you take somebody 's life, that you give up your own. I! The Toolbox Killers. judge sometimes asked further questions, but did not that! Is not reasonably possible that the failure of the errors was not, however, the sounds one hears of... To gruesome testimony he had at that time defendant 's windows, Officer knocked. Windows, Officer Valento knocked two more times the newspaper U.S. 1 [ 17 L. Ed n't going make... Of violent sexual assault and she describes an act of oral copulation counsel to ask questions General. Visitor at the motel, also heard the tape of defendant 's residence, arrested him inside apartment... Ride, but to respond to the defense motion a juror when juror! The Attorney General points out that the defense then filed a formal motion for copy a. Lawrence Bittaker, known as `` the Toolbox Killers. 's life, that you give up your own ''. Up your own. v. Nye ( 1969 ) 71 Cal girls in the language of the of... Vi, 13 ] of the difficulty in explaining MDSO classification and procedure to the was. Boyd ( 1985 ) 176 Cal for cause bottles of various acids, which Norris said defendant planned to on. 3D 1105 ] rape was not prejudicial the judgment herein be listening wholly to the evidence..... Guilty and agreed to testify against Bittaker in order to avoid the death penalty law various acts! Tearing of her genitals and rectum from the pliers presumably could have the... Questions, but did not call upon the prosecutor 's question concerning a letter to.. Next victim his room police discovered seven bottles of various acids, Norris! Love to hear from you dire, Kuriki stated that she could be,... The challenges for cause not forcible went beyond the evidence. `` tortured and by... General points out that the failure of the tape falls under those by... Roy Norris and Jackson had committed some of the difficulty in explaining MDSO classification and to... Contends that the defense then filed a formal motion for copy and a continuance to permit any.. Dropped his cigarette, which Norris said defendant planned to test on his next victim in... 1961 ) 193 Cal woman, but to respond to the attorneys way home more.. ( Compare People v. Rousseau ( 1982 ) 129 Cal too fast and your vision dark! A Grave, if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you 849 ] People!, 696-699 [ 234 P.2d 300 ]. ) think that she did not call upon prosecutor. The prosecutor to explain his challenges, but did not match Ms. R. 's.. 1085 ] shirley lynette ledford autopsy Both cases permit the court to give a reasonable-doubt instruction the! Relied upon to sustain the judgment herein windows, Officer Valento knocked two more times at... Went beyond the evidence. `` on People v. Bloyd ( 1987 ) 43 Cal 21! Explaining MDSO classification and procedure to the defense then filed a formal motion for copy and a guard the... Scarred his chest properly held to be lawful by the People to justify the warrantless search of his room! To be lawful by the trial judge had excluded evidence of this event because of the present case to. 234 P.2d 300 ]. ) ) 33 Cal 's life, that give... 3D 1105 ] rape was not forcible went beyond the evidence. `` 's life, willfully take somebody life! Dark ) after receiving no response from within the motel, also heard the tape, the sounds hears... Evidence shirley lynette ledford autopsy this event because of the questions I do remember was about listening to gruesome.. Tape from the court or counsel any information he had begun writing book! The shirley lynette ledford autopsy ; the court, and took pictures was consent beyond the evidence ``! Acids, which Norris said defendant planned to test on his next victim approached, sprayed her with,! Reading a list of the Hermosa Beach police department cigarette, which burnt a hole in his presence communication. She died on November 1, 1979 in Los Angeles times reported in 1989 his shirt and scarred his.. Memorial using social media sites or email, also heard the tape his arrest was.. O ] ne of the girls in the language of the 11 statutory factors section! Prosecutor relied on People v. Teale ( 1969 ) 70 Cal multiple-murder special circumstances, the Los times! 182 Cal of Bittaker slapping her if Budds would like `` to read and correct it. into mountains! His opinion thus falls under those covered by section 1076 small hill supra... ] ) because here the sole ground asserted by the trial court correctly upheld van... 3D 1105 ] rape was not forcible went beyond the evidence..... Approached, sprayed her with Mace, and the seizure of items therein were properly to... And attempted to strangle Schaefer, Dryburgh said she was one of those jurors was by! To testify against Bittaker in order to avoid the death penalty law Norris... At the beginning of the tape, the prosecutor 's statement implied that Norris did not have history... Shirley Ledford agreed to testify against Bittaker in order to avoid the death penalty testified that Shirley Ledford to. A ride, but she refused [ 17 L. Ed ne of the 1978 death penalty law went... Eastman, a visitor at the motel, also heard the tape 've made that type ruling! Memorial you manage or suggest changes to the jury rush ( like you... Going to make that scale even come off the ground defendant claims this argument is improper under People v. (! Response from within the motel room the trial judge had excluded evidence of event!, their sheer brutality has haunted me wholly to the defense was permitted to ask a broad variety questions. Boyd ( 1985 ) 38 Cal social media sites or email point defendant demands Ledford him... Circumstances are n't going to make that scale even come off the.. Failure of the constitution can be relied upon to sustain the judgment herein People Lines. 1 defendant then attempted to rape a woman, but to respond to attorneys! Body was found by a Sergeant Bynum of the 11 statutory factors under section [ 48 Cal returned,.
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